Who is a School Psychologist

@ schoolpsychology.in

School Psychology

School Psychology is one unique branch of psychology that concentrates on the mental, emotional, social, physical and spiritual well-being of a child in relation to his/her school, age and the living atmosphere. School Psychologists work with educational institutions and families catering to the needs of children and adolescents from 3 – 20 years of age.

The task of a school psychologist includes empowering students through group classes, personal counseling, informal assessments, referral for formal assessments, designing IEPs, intervention planning, working with learning disability coach and special educator, assisting teachers and parents, creating mental health first aid awareness, designing crisis intervention plans and ultimately creating safer schools and colleges.

You can view this chart (school psychology model) for better understanding of how a school psychologist works at a school or a college in India.

Unquestionably, School Psychology services are “the need of the hour” and hence there is a great deal of demand for school psychologists and counsellors at present and so it will be in the future. School Psychology is new to the entire world, apart from a very few countries where it has stamped its mark significantly; in fact, in many countries, School Psychology hasn’t even been introduced. However, with extensive and widespread research activities being carried out recently in developed and developing countries, School Psychology is certainly a fast-developing profession and the best pick for psychology enthusiasts.

We in India have created a school psychology model which is an Indian Adaptation of the Widely Popular NASP Model. Below is the description of School Psychology in the words of NASP.

Who is a School Psychologist?

School psychologists help children and youth succeed academically, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally. They collaborate with educators, parents, and other professionals to create safe, healthy, and supportive learning environments that strengthen connections between home, school, and the community for all students.

School psychologists are highly trained in both psychology and education, completing a minimum of a specialist-level degree program (at least 60 graduate semester hours) that includes a year-long supervised internship. This training emphasizes preparation in mental health and educational interventions, child development, learning, behaviour, motivation, curriculum and instruction, assessment, consultation, collaboration, school law, and systems. School psychologists must be certified and/or licensed by the state in which they work. They also may be nationally certified by the National School Psychology Certification Board (NSPCB). The National Association of School Psychologists sets ethical and training standards for practice and service delivery.

What do School Psychologists do?

School Psychologists Work with Students to:

Provide counselling, instruction, and mentoring for those struggling with social, emotional, and Behavioral problems
Increase achievement by assessing barriers to learning and determining the best instructional strategies to improve learning
Promote wellness and resilience by reinforcing communication and social skills, problem solving, anger management, self-regulation, self-determination, and optimism
Enhance understanding and acceptance of diverse cultures and backgrounds

School Psychologists Work with Students and Their Families to:

Identify and address learning and behaviour problems that interfere with school success
Evaluate eligibility for special education services (within a multidisciplinary team)
Support students' social, emotional, and Behavioral health
Teach parenting skills and enhance home–school collaboration
Make referrals and help coordinate community support services

School Psychologists Work with Teachers to:

Identify and resolve academic barriers to learning
Design and implement student progress monitoring systems
Design and implement academic and Behavioral interventions
Support effective individualized instruction
Create positive classroom environments
Motivate all students to engage in learning

School Psychologists Work with Administrators to:

Collect and analyse data related to school improvement, student outcomes, and accountability requirements
Implement school-wide prevention programs that help maintain positive school climates conducive to learning
Promote school policies and practices that ensure the safety of all students by reducing school violence, bullying, and harassment
Respond to crises by providing leadership, direct services, and coordination with needed community services
Design, implement, and garner support for comprehensive school mental health programming

School Psychologists Work with Community Providers to:

Where School Psychologists Work

Most school psychologists work in schools. However, they can practice in a variety of settings including:

Public and private schools
Universities
School-based health and mental health centres
Community-based day-treatment or residential clinics and hospitals
Juvenile justice centres
Private practice

How do School Psychologists make a difference in schools?

All children and adolescents face problems from time to time. They may:

Feel afraid to go to school
Have difficulty organizing their time efficiently
Lack effective study skills
Fall behind in their schoolwork
Lack self-discipline
Worry about family matters such as divorce and death
Feel depressed or anxious
Experiment with drugs and alcohol
Think about suicide
Worry about their sexuality
Face difficult situations, such as applying to college, getting a job, or quitting school
Question their aptitudes and abilities

School psychologists help children, parents, teachers, and members of the community understand and resolve these concerns. Following are examples of how school psychologists make a difference.

Helping Students with Learning Problems

Tommy’s parents were concerned about his difficulty in reading and writing. They feared that he would fall behind and lose confidence in himself. At school, the teacher noticed that Tommy often struggled to understand what he was reading and often needed the help of his classmates to do related written work. After observing Tommy, consulting with his teacher, and gathering specific information about his skills, the school psychologist collaborated with his parents and teachers to develop a plan to improve his reading and writing. The plan worked, and Tommy’s reading, writing, and confidence as a learner improved.

Helping Students Cope With Family and Life Stressors

The teacher noticed that Carla, an able student, had stopped participating in class discussions and had difficulty paying attention. The school psychologist was asked to explore why Carla’s behaviour had changed so much. After discovering that Carla’s parents were divorcing, the school psychologist provided counselling for Carla and gave her parents suggestions for this difficult time. Carla’s behaviour and emotional wellbeing improved, and she felt more secure about her relationship with her parents.

Helping Students With Behaviour Problems Learn New Ways to Respond

David was a high school student who often skipped class and got into fights with others. He acted out in class and had been suspended from school on various occasions. After establishing a relationship with David, the school psychologist taught him simple techniques to relax, recognize his needs, and to control his aggressive behaviour. David’s mother and his teacher worked together on a plan designed by the school psychologist to establish limits, recognize David’s escalating tension, and improve communication. David’s relationships with peers and adults improved and he began to make steady progress towards graduation.